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Electrostatic/Langmuir
Probe: Measures electron
temperature, number density, floating potential and plasma potential
Nobel Laureate Irving Langmuir pioneered the use of
electrostatic probes to measure the electron temperature, number density,
floating potential, and plasma potential in ionized gases. Druyvesteyn noted
that the second derivative of the probe current with respect to the bias voltage
is proportional to the electron energy distribution function. The analysis by
Laframboise enabled accurate evaluation of experimental data for cylindrical and
spherical probes regardless of sheath size. PEPL makes extensive use of planar
and cylindrical Langmuir (single, double, and triple) probes for evaluating
plasma properties in the plumes of thrusters and in near electrode regions.
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Double Langmuir Probe
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Langmuir, I., "Scattering of Electrons in Ionized
Gases," Physical Review, Vol. 26, No. 5, Nov. 1925.
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Druyvesteyn, M. J., 1930 Z. Phys. 64, 781.
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Laframboise, J. G., Theory of Spherical and Cylindrical
Langmuir Probes in a Collisionless, Maxwellian Plasma at Rest, UTIAS Report
No. 100, June 1966.
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Foster, J., "An Investigation of the Influence of a Transverse Magnetic Field on the
Formation of Large Anode Fall Voltages in Low-Pressure Arcs, Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Michigan, 1996.
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Domonkos, M. T., Marrese, C. M., Haas, J. M., and Gallimore, A. D., "Very
Near-Field Plume Investigation of the D55," AIAA-97-3062, 33rd Joint
Propulsion Conference, Seattle, WA, July 6-9, 1997.
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